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olive leaf
Olive leaf is the leaf of the olive tree (''Olea europaea''). Although olive oil is well known for its flavor and health benefits, the leaf has been used medicinally in various times and places.〔(Kilham, Chris, ''Healing Power of Olive Leaf'' )'','' January 23, 2013, FoxNews.com〕 Olive leaf and olive leaf extracts (OLE), are now marketed as anti-aging, immunostimulator, antioxidant, cardio protective, blood sugar regulating, anti-inflammatory and antibiotic agents. Though there is some laboratory evidence for these effects in biological standardization experiments (i.e., bioassays), clinical evidence in humans is inconclusive.
Clinical evidence has been conflicting regarding any blood pressure lowering effect of carefully extracted olive leaf extracts.〔Perrinjaquet-Moccetti et al. (Food Supplementation with an Olive (Olea europaea L.) Leaf Extract Reduces Blood Pressure in Borderline Hypertensive Monozygotic Twins ), 2008.
〕〔Somova et al. (Antihypertensive, antiatherosclerotic and antioxidant activity of triterpenoids ) isolated from Olea europaea, subspecies africana leaves, 2003.〕〔Khayyal et al. (Blood pressure lowering effect of an olive leaf extract (Olea europaea) in L-NAME induced hypertension in rats ), 2002.〕〔Zarzuelo et al. (Vasodilator effect of olive leaf ), 1991.〕 Bioassays support its antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory effects at a laboratory level. A liquid extract made directly from fresh olive leaves gained international attention when it was shown to have an antioxidant capacity almost double green tea extract and 400% higher than vitamin C.
== Historical References of Olive Leaves ==
Historically the benefits of Olive Leaves have been widely cited, and been used by various cultures for both medicinal and nutritional uses. 〔Quigley, Gerald Olive Leaf Extract: Nature's Secret to Wellness〕 In the Mediteraranean region olive leaves have been used for the treatment of complaints including high blood pressure, inflammation, arthritis, fever and high blood sugar. 〔Pinelli, P., Galardi, C., Mulinacci, N., Vincieri, F., Tattini, ., Romani, A (2000). Quali-quantitative analysis and antioxidant activity of different polyphenolic extracts from Olea europea L. Leaves. Journal of Commodity Science, 39(2): 71-83〕 The phenolic compounds of the olive tree are concentrated in the leaves, and contain phenolic compounds including oleuropein, hydroxytyrosxol, tyrosol, luteolin, rutin, caffeic acid, catechin and apigenin.〔Benavente-Garcia, O., Castillo, J., Lorente, J., Ortuno, A., Del Rio, J. (2000). Antioxidant activity of phenolics extracted from Olea Europa L. leaves. Food Chemistry, 68:457-462〕
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